Minimization of Interferences in Flow Injection Amperometric Glucose Biosensor Based on Oxidation of Enzymatically‐produced H2O2

One of the major problems in amperometric biosensors based on detection of H₂O₂ produced by enzymatic reaction between oxidase enzymes and substrate is the interference of redox active compounds such as ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). To minimize these interferences, sodium bismuthate was used for the first time as an insoluble pre‐oxidant in the flow injection (FI) amperometric glucose biosensor at a Glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilized Pt/Pd bimetallic modified pre‐anodized pencil graphite electrode (p.PGE). In this context, these interfering compounds were injected into a flow injection analysis (FIA) system using an injector which was filled with NaBiO₃. Thus, these interferents were converted into their redox inactive oxidized forms before reaching the electrode in the flow cell. While glucose was not influenced by the pre‐oxidant in the injector, the huge oxidation peak currents of the interferents decreased significantly in the biosensor. FI amperometric current time curves showed that the AA, DA and UA were minimized by 96 %, 86 %, and 98 % respectively, in the presence of an equivalent concentration of interferences in a 1.0 mM glucose solution. The proposed FI amperometric glucose biosensor exhibits a wide linear range (0.01–10 mM, R²=0.9994) with a detection limit of 2.4×10^?3 mM. Glucose levels in the artificial serum and two real samples were successfully determined using the fabricated FI amperometric biosensor.     

Ka Band Broadband Fourth Harmonic Image Rejection Mixer

This paper presents the design and implementation of Ka band broadband hybrid integrated image rejection mixer with a fourth harmonic mixer as unit mixer. Detailed design and analysis have been carried out. The mixer was fabricated by hybrid microwave integrated circuit (HMIC) process based on the thin film ceramic substrate which can reduce the cost compared to monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC). The measured results showed conversion loss less than 11.2 dB and image rejection ratio (IRR) more than 20 dB in 4 GHz RF bandwidth. It can also play the role of up-converter from the test data.     

一种光谱分辨率可调的新型空间调制傅里叶变换光谱仪

调整光谱仪的光谱分辨率,可使光谱仪在满足不同目标测量需求的同时,减少数据采集、处理和存储的时间,提高仪器的整体性能。为克服传统傅里叶变换光谱仪的光谱分辨率固定的缺点,提出了一种分辨率可调的空间调制傅里叶变换光谱仪。介绍了该新型光谱仪及其干涉仪的工作原理,利用光线追迹的方法推导了光程差和横向剪切量的计算公式,并分析了新型干涉仪的光程等效模型。在此基础上,分析了光谱分辨率的调节原理。结果表明,该光谱分辨率可调的新型空间调制傅里叶变换光谱仪克服了传统光谱仪分辨率固定、稳定性差等缺点,具有分辨率可调、高稳定性、结构灵活和易于装调等特点。该研究内容为分辨率可调的干涉光谱仪的设计提供了理论基础,扩展了傅里叶变换光谱仪的实用范围。     

利用加速度反馈的大型光电设备主轴控制技术

随着光电跟踪设备的大型化,在系统的惯量增大的同时,机械谐振频率一般会降低,此时控制系统的带宽设计将受到限制,而且大型的光电设备更容易受到风阻、地基振动等各种干扰的影响,从而降低系统的控制精度。由于惯性测量元件——加速度计直接感受被测对象的受力情况,通过引入加速度反馈控制回路,在不增大系统带宽的前提下,中低频段的扰动抑制传递函数幅值下降约25 dB。理论、仿真和实验三方面均验证了该控制方式的有效性。     

航空遥感三轴惯性稳定平台双速度环控制

航空遥感三轴惯性稳定平台用于稳定成像载荷,获取高分辨率的遥感数据。针对惯性稳定平台视轴稳定控制中单速度环对干扰力矩抑制的不足,提出采用以编码器进行数字测速构成速度内环、利用速率陀螺构成速度外环的双速度环复合控制方案,将稳定回路抗内部干扰功能和隔离外界干扰功能分开设计实现,以提高系统稳定精度。分别对单速度环和双速度环对扰动的抑制能力进行了理论分析和对比,并在理论分析基础上,对单速度环和双速度环的扰动抑制能力进行了Matlab仿真分析和实验验证。结果表明：与单速度环相比,双速度环可明显减小质量偏心、摩擦等主要内部干扰以及外部基座低频扰动造成的稳态误差,静基座摇摆伺服稳定角速度RMS值减小了52.3%,静基座调平姿态精度RMS值减小了22.1%,动基座调平姿态精度RMS值减小了37.4%。     

A Fast Approach to Removing Muscle Artifacts for EEG with Signal Serialization Based Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition

An electroencephalogram (EEG) is an electrophysiological signal reflecting the functional state of the brain. As the control signal of the brain–computer interface (BCI), EEG may build a bridge between humans and computers to improve the life quality for patients with movement disorders. The collected EEG signals are extremely susceptible to the contamination of electromyography (EMG) artifacts, affecting their original characteristics. Therefore, EEG denoising is an essential preprocessing step in any BCI system. Previous studies have confirmed that the combination of ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) can effectively suppress EMG artifacts. However, the time-consuming iterative process of EEMD may limit the application of the EEMD-CCA method in real-time monitoring of BCI. Compared with the existing EEMD, the recently proposed signal serialization based EEMD (sEEMD) is a good choice to provide effective signal analysis and fast mode decomposition. In this study, an EMG denoising method based on sEEMD and CCA is discussed. All of the analyses are carried out on semi-simulated data. The results show that, in terms of frequency and amplitude, the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) decomposed by sEEMD are consistent with the IMFs obtained by EEMD. There is no significant difference in the ability to separate EMG artifacts from EEG signals between the sEEMD-CCA method and the EEMD-CCA method (p > 0.05). Even in the case of heavy contamination (signal-to-noise ratio is less than 2 dB), the relative root mean squared error is about 0.3, and the average correlation coefficient remains above 0.9. The running speed of the sEEMD-CCA method to remove EMG artifacts is significantly improved in comparison with that of EEMD-CCA method (p < 0.05). The running time of the sEEMD-CCA method for three lengths of semi-simulated data is shortened by more than 50%. This indicates that sEEMD-CCA is a promising tool for EMG artifact removal in real-time BCI systems.     

一个可中断两台可拒绝同型机半在线排序问题

讨论一个两台可拒绝同型机半在线排序问题的近似算法．设有两台同型机,工件逐个到达,可以被接收加工,消耗一定的加工时间tj,也可以被拒绝,但要付出一定的罚值Pj,目标是使被加工工件集的最大完工时间（makespan）和被拒绝工件集的罚值之和最小．此外,进一步假定每个工件的罚值和加工长度事先形成固定的比例α∈[0,＋∞）,即Pi=atj,针对工件加工可中断情形,设计出近似算法PRH,证明其竞争比．同时又给出该问题的下界,它们均为α的分段函数,且算法PRH在a∈[0,√2/2）∪[5/6＋∞）达到最优．     

Study on three-dimensional expansion characteristics of four wall combustion-gas jets in confined liquid space

To explore further the launch mechanism of the new underwater launching technology proposed in this paper, the expansion characteristics of four wall combustion-gas jets in confined liquid space must be studied firstly. The experimental device is designed, and the high-speed digi-tal photographic system is adopted to obtain the expansion sequence processes of Taylor cavities formed by the four wall jets. Meanwhile, the influence of the injection pres-sure on the axial expansion property of the four wall jets is discussed. Based on the experiments, a three-dimensional unsteady mathematical model is established to simulate the turbulent flow process of the four wall jets expanding in liquid, and the temporal and spatial distribution laws of phase, pressure, temperature, and velocity and the evolution rules of vortices are illustrated in detail. Results show that, accompanied by the jets expanding downstream, the four wall combustion-gas jets get close to each other and achieve convergence eventually under induction of the interference effect between multiple jets. Meanwhile, the heads of the Taylor cavities separate from the observation chamber wall and offset to the central axis of the observation chamber with time going on. The numerical simulation results of the four wall combustion-gas jets coincide well with the experimental data.     

可重复使用运载器大姿态机动自抗扰控制

针对可重复使用运载器大俯仰角或偏航角转弯机动而产生的姿态角奇异的控制问题,提出了基于四元数的自抗扰控制方法。通过两级跟踪微分器从期望四元数中逐步得到三通道解耦的角加速度信号,然后利用扩张状态观测器观测模型中的不确定项,最终采用动态逆得到解耦的三通道发动机等效摆角或RCS(Reaction Control System)等控制信号,并设计了数字滤波器对弹性振动与液体晃动信号进行滤波处理。考虑到系统模型具有非线性、不确定性、11阶弹性振动、一阶液体晃动、风干扰和气动偏差等多种外部扰动条件,对可重复使用运载器从主动段到再入飞行段进行了非线性六自由度仿真分析。仿真结果表明,基于四元数的自抗扰姿态控制器具有快速、平稳、超调量小、抗干扰能力强、无系统抖振且控制参数较少的特点。